Research progress on health effects of aniline / 中华预防医学杂志

Aniline is one of the important chemical raw materials in daily life and the chemical industry. Aniline exposure might occur through intact skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. It could pose negative impacts on many organs and systems of the human body, including toxicity or carcinogenicity to blood, liver, and spleen. This paper summarized the direct effects of aniline on human health and the indirect hazards of aniline on human health through environmental pollution and discussed the future research directions of aniline-induced health hazards.

Screening and diversity of resistance germplasm of Dendrobium officinale by CDDP markers / 中草药

Objective Conserved DNA-Derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers were used in the study of the genetic diversity of 43 Dendrobium officinale and preliminary resistance screening, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the screening of D. officinale and the selection of fine varieties. Methods A total of 21 CDDP primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of the test material with clear and polymorphic primers. Results Sixteen primers generated 151 bands, of which 144 (95.7%) were polymorphic. The results of data analysis on three population showed that the percentage of polymorphic locus (PPL) were between 65.56% and 82.12%, coefficient of genetic differentiation among natural populations (Gst) was 0.110 2, and the total gene flow (Nm) was 4.035 4. Indicating that anthropogenic factors may also promote the genetic diversity of D. officinale. Conclusion The genetic diversity of D. officinale was rich, and the results showed that there were eight plants with potentially good resistance among 43 materials.

Genetic damage of mammalian cells induced by nickel-refining fumes / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of two kinds of nickel-refining fumes on DNA damage of NIH/3T3 cell and the difference.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NIH/3T3 cells were treated by two kinds of nickel fumes collected from smelting furnace and refining workshop of a nickel-smeltery, and PBS taken the place of nickel-smelting fumes was used as negative control. Several hours later, the cytotoxicity of on NIH/3T3 cells was detected with MTT colorimetric assay, and the DNA damage was also measured by comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>With the extension of exposure time and increasing of concentration, the living rate of NIH/3T3 cells was decreased; the tail rate, tail extent moment and tail DNA percent of NIH/3T3 cell induced by these two refining fumes were increased. After cells were treated with 100.00 microg/ml of nickel-smelting fume for 48 h, the living rate of NIH/3T3 cells was 24.5% and 26.5% respectively. The tail length of NIH/3T3 cell induced by these two refining fumes was not significant difference. Tail DNA percent of NIH/3T3 cell induced by smelting furnace fume was higher than negative control group (P < 0.05). The tail rate, and tail DNA percent (except 12.5 microg/ml and 50.0 microg/ml treated 2 h group) of NIH/3T3 cell induced by refining workshop fume was higher than negative control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nickel-smelting fume could depress the survival rate of NIH/3T3 cells, and induce different degree DNA damage of NIH/3T3 cell.</p>

The cytotoxicity of nickel-refining dusts for chinese hamster lung cells and effects on gap junctional intercellular communication / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytotoxicity of the nickel-refining dusts for Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells and the effects of nickel-refining dusts on the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) of CHL cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytotoxicity of the nickel-refining dusts for the CHL cells was determined in two nickel-refining dusts samples with the CHL cells as the target cells by MTT method while the effects of nickel-refining dusts on the CJIC of the CHL cells were investigated using the scrape-loading and dye transfer (SLDT) technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant difference in the CHL proliferation between all dosage groups in the two samples and the control group at 6 and 12 hours (P > 0.05). The survival rate of cells in all dosage groups were all decreased at 36 hours (P < 0.05), presenting the dosage-reaction relationship and the time-reaction relationship. IC(50) was 21.36 and 23.07 micro/ml for the two samples respectively at 36 hours. Compared with the control group, the transport of Lucifer Yellow (LY) from the injury line to the adjacent cells was decreased when the CHL cells were treated with nickel-refining dusts of 25.00, 50.00 and 100.00 microg/ml (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nickel-refining dusts have cytotoxicity for the CHL cells cultivated in vitro, can inhibit the growth of the cells and at a certain concentration can inhibit the GJIC function of CHL cells.</p>

Predictive equations and analysis of influence factors of lung ventilation based on a large occupational population in North China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish suitable predictive equations of lung function for occupational population in North China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 5 002 on the job or retired healthy adults from five enterprises in North China with category of mild or moderate work intensity underwent spirometry using a Chest HI-198 spirometer and the procedures recommended by the American Thoracic Society, were a sample.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data of 3 913 subjects were used. A normal distribution of our data was shown using the normality test and distribution curve. Univariate analysis showed that both age and height were significantly correlated with FVC, FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC (%) and MMF. Further multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that the levels of FVC, FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC (%) and MMF were highly influenced by age, height, and weight rather than chest circumference. Thus, only age, height, and weight were introduced into our regression equations. Data from the studied subjects and other source were utilised to examine the validity of the equations and a high accordance rate (> 90%) was obtained. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in the predictive values between the simplified equations and equations in which more variables were included.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The studied predictive equations for male non-smokers, female non-smokers, and male smokers were established based on data from a large occupational population. These equations should be more applicable for evaluating lung ventilatory function of occupational populations in North China.</p>

Experimental study on the DNA damage of NIH/3T3 cells induced by nickel-refining dusts / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of nickel-refining dusts on DNA damage in mouse NIH/3T3 cell.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DNA damage of mouse NIH/3T3 cell induced by two nickel-refining dust samples was determined with single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Under the condition of the same treatment time, the tailed cell (%) of NIH/3T3 cells increased with the increase in doses of nickel-refining dusts (35.5%, 69.7%, 85.2%, 41.3%, 75.7%, 89.2% respectively except for sample 2, 50 microg/ml, 24 h group), and DNA strand breaks reached the peak value at 4 h of exposure; (2) When we treated the NIH/3T3 cells with the same dose of nickel-refining dusts, the tail rate at 4 h was higher than those at 2 h and 24 h of exposure; (3) Both sample 1 and sample 2 with different doses of nickel-refining dusts could induce higher comet tail, DNA%, tail length (except for 12.5 microg/ml), extent of TM (except for sample 1, 12.5 microg/ml) than in control group (P < 0.05). The DNA damage range was significantly increased in different tested doses of nickel-refining dusts and the damage range reached the peak value when the cells were treated for 4 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nickel-refining dusts could induce different degree DNA damage in NIH/3T3 cells.</p>

Morphological transformation of mouse NIH3T3 cells induced by nickel refining dusts in vitro / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the biological effects of nickel-refining dust.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell phagocytosis, transformation activity, and cytotoxicity of the mouse NIH3T3 cells treated with nickel-refining dusts from two nickel-refining factories in China were observed, and the risk of carcinogenicity was studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Two samples of nickel-refining dusts could be phagocytosed by mouse NIH3T3 cells with different phagocytizing rates of 69.0% and 39.0% at 100.000 micro g/ml, and 78.0% and 47.0% at 200.000 micro g/ml respectively. The relative clone formation rates at 12.500 micro g/ml to 100.000 micro g/ml were 71.1% to 3.9% and 84.4% to 9.1%, respectively. The cytotoxicity expressed by clone formation rate was similar to that of Ni(2)O(3), but higher than that of TiO(2) and lower than the positive control of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG). (2) MNNG, Ni(2)O(3) and the two samples of nickel-refining dusts could induce morphological transformation in NIH3T3 cells. The transformation rate at 12.500 micro g/ml to 50.000 micro g/ml were 1.9% to 3.6% and 0.9% to 2.5% respectively in a dose-dependent manner. (3) The NIH3T3 cells treated by MNNG and nickel-refining dusts could induce Con A agglutination, and may form as clone in soft agar. This finding proved the reliability of the transformed clone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study for the first time demonstrate that nickel-refining dusts have cell transformation activity. The findings provide a new experimental evidence for the carcinogenic risk of nickel-refining dusts, and for the aetiology of lung cancer in nickel-refining workers.</p>